![]() On the other hand, a low BUN level may indicate liver diseases, malnutrition, overhydration, or certain other medical conditions. It is essential to remember that elevated BUN levels alone are not diagnostic of a specific condition, and further evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause. High BUN levels may also occur due to dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, heart conditions, urinary tract obstruction, certain medications (such as NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, or ARBs), or other factors. In addition, children typically have higher levels of BUN compared to adults.Ī high BUN level may indicate that your kidneys are not functioning correctly and the urea is not filtering out in the urine. However, it's important to note that the specific reference range provided by the laboratory conducting the test should be considered. On average, for adults, the normal range of BUN is between 6 to 20 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). The normal range of BUN differs across age groups and can vary based on different factors and the laboratory's reference range. While measuring BUN levels, healthcare professionals generally evaluate blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) to assess kidney function. BUN measures the concentration of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea. The kidneys filter out urea from the bloodstream and eliminate it through urine. These byproducts are released into the bloodstream and carried to the liver, where they are converted into urea. Urea is a waste product generated by our bodies' breaking down proteins into amino acids, which are further broken down into ammonia and carbon dioxide. To understand BUN, we need to understand its basic science. This guide is intended to provide general information and insights into BUN and should not serve as a substitute for medical advice. Therefore, it's always recommended to follow the advice of a healthcare professional. Before delving into the various aspects of BUN, it's important to note that interpreting BUN results can be complex. In this comprehensive guide to BUN, we will explore the science behind BUN, how to interpret BUN results, its significance in kidney function, and the clinical applications of BUN. BUN is an essential laboratory test that provides crucial information about our body's metabolic activity and can help diagnose various medical conditions. BUN is a laboratory test that detects the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism targeted by the kidneys to filter out of the body via urine. Where 60 represents MW of urea and 14*2 MW of urea nitrogen.Blood Urea Nitrogen, or BUN, is a common term you might come across during your routine medical checkup. Elsewhere, the concentration of urea is reported in SI units as mmol/L.ī U N m g / d L United States, Mexico, Italy, Austria, and Germany). OTC deficiency is also accompanied by hyperammonemia and high orotic acid levels.īUN is usually reported in mg/dL in some countries (e.g. Reference ranges for blood tests, comparing urea (yellow at right) to other blood constituentsĪnother rare cause of a decreased BUN is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. The main causes of a decrease in BUN are malnutrition (low-protein diet), severe liver disease, anabolic state, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Hypothyroidism can cause both decreased GFR and hypovolemia, but BUN-to-creatinine ratio has been found to be lowered in hypothyroidism and raised in hyperthyroidism. The main causes of an increase in BUN are: high-protein diet, decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (suggestive of kidney failure), decrease in blood volume ( hypovolemia), congestive heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fever, rapid cell destruction from infections, athletic activity, excessive muscle breakdown, and increased catabolism. The normal range is 2.1–7.1 mmol/ L or 6–20 mg/ dL. Interpretation īUN is an indication of renal (kidney) health. It is not considered as reliable as creatinine or BUN/creatinine ratio blood studies. The test is used to detect renal problems. Individual laboratories will have different reference ranges, as the assay used can vary between laboratories. ![]() Normal human adult blood should contain 6 to 20 mg/dL (2.1 to 7.1 mmol/L) of urea nitrogen. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. 6299-2, 59570-2, 12961-9, 12963-5, 12962-7īlood urea nitrogen ( BUN) is a medical test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen found in blood.
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